![]() A resonant oscillator without dissipation blows up. If you have a magnetic material, the internal energy will have a term Hd m, where H is the magnetic field and m is the magnetization of the material, and you can do Carnot's analysis in H-M space instead of p-V space. The idea that solid-state systems without moving parts somehow avoid the second law stems from the misunderstanding that, because elementary thermodynamics is presented in terms of pressure-volume fluid systems, that's what the second law is about. The natural environment is probably treated as a heat reservoir which is infinitely big so can give out heat without changing its temperature. Radiant energy must mean either heat of electromagnetic radiation. Anyone wish to comment? Evercat 14:36 (UTC) Being solid-state would not violate the 2nd law. Inducting atmosperic energy and emmiting telluric currents (or the converse) would not violate the 1st law, nor would the "loss" of energy into environment. Energy obtained in such a system at the system's natural vibration (or, its resonant frequency) from the phantom loop. It would also need to to be a solid-state hetrodyning self-regenerative resonant oscillator. It have to induct radiant energy from the Natural environment. "True" perpetual motion machine would not have to violate the currently accepted laws of physics. If you read the wikipedia article, you see that brownian motors have been developed to take advantage of the concept, but they do not violate the second law either. Just a bit I remember from a physics symposium on the subject of Brownian ratchets - Feynman proposed the idea, but then went on to explain why it would NOT violate the second law of thermodynamics. I'm not sure this would be a good refutation of the second law. The second law could be stated as it is impossible to extract work from thermal fluctuations in the absence of a temperature difference.The Feynman ratchet is an example of how to extract work from a temperature difference using thermal fluctuations.I don't know enough to comment on this but I wish someone would. Brownian motion is sometimes presented as a refutation of the second law and is the source of various ideas for perpetual motion machines (see for example ). ![]() There is something I was surprised not to see in thisĪrticle: a discussion of brownian motion. ![]()
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